Hadith
From Mw
Introduction Hadith (Arabic: الحديث translit: al-ḥadīth) are traditions relating to the words and deeds of the prophet Muhammad. Hadith collections are regarded as important tools for determining the Sunnah, or Muslim way of life, by all traditional schools of jurisprudence. The acceptance of Authentic Hadith as part of your Deen is one of the requirements of Emaan.
The Arabic plural is aḥādīth (Arabic: أحاديث ). In English academic usage, hadith is often both singular and plural.
A hadith is composed of two parts: the matn (text) and the isnad (chain of reporters). A text may seem to be logical and reasonable but it needs an authentic isnad with reliable reporters to be acceptable; `Abdullah b. al-Mubarak (d. 181 AH), one of the illustrious teachers of Imam al-Bukhari, said, "The isnad is part of the religion: had it not been for the isnad, whoever wished to would have said whatever he liked.[1]
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[edit] Basics Terms
- Sanad: A chain of reporters leading back to the Prophet
- Tabaqah: A class of reporters in the same generation, ie Sahabah, Tabi’een.
- Marfu’: A Hadith whose Sanad leads to the Prophet
- Mawquf: A Hadith whose Sanad ends with a Sahabi
- Mursal: A Hadith leading to the Prophet but missing the name of the Sahabi who reported it.
- Qudsi: A Hadith whose Sanad leads to Prophet and the Prophet is reporting it from Allah (SWT).
[edit] Hadith Qudsi
A hadith Qudsi usually refers to a hadith in which the prophet 
says that Allah has said something but it is said in Muhammad's words.[2]
The report of Hadith Qudsi can begin in one of two ways:
- The Prophet says reporting from Allah (SWT)...
- Allah (SWT) has said as reported by His Messenger ...
A hadith Qudsi is generally considered holy, second to the Qur'an.
[edit] Types Of Hadith
Different Types of Hadith exist due to the method of transmission, number of reporters in each class, and the authenticity of the Hadith.
- Mutawatir / Tawatur: A Daleel transmitted by an indefinite number of people. Due to the large number of people reporting the Daleel and their diversity of residence, reliability, and conviction, it is inconceivable that this Daleel could be fabricated.
The minimum number of transmitters which are required to classify a Daleel as Mutawatir is generally five. However, some scholars may have a more stringent criteria. The character of the reporters narrating Mutawatir Ahadith has to be noble.
- Ahad: Riwayah Ahad is a number less that the Mutawatir.
- Mashoor: A Hadith reported by at least three individuals in every class (Sahabah, Tabi’een, etc.).
- Aziz: A Hadith reported by at least two individuals in every class.
- Gharib: A Hadith reported by only one individual in one or more classes.
- Sahih: A Hadith narrated by an Adl (not known for misconduct) and Dabeth (maintains accuracy of the report) person from another person of similar qualities until the end of the report. The report should also exclude any Shuthuth (disagreement with other credible reporters).
- Hasan: Has two definitions:
- A Hadith which meets the requirements of Sahih to a lesser degree
- A Hadith which is acceptable by the majority of the Fuqaha.
- Dai’f: A Hadith not meeting the requirement of either the Sahih or the Hasan Hadith. It can be one of the following:
- Mualaq: A Hadith which is missing one or more reporters either at the beginning of the Isnad, in the middle or in the end.
- Mu’addal: A Hadith which is missing two or more consecutive reporters.
- Munqati: A Hadith which has interruption in the class.
- Ash-Shaath: A Hadith in which one credible reporter reports something that disagrees with other credible reporters.
- Muallal: A Hadith whose Sanad seems to be fine, but due to some reasons discovered by scholars, it is discredited.
- Munkar: A Hadith in which uncredible reporters convey a message which is in disagreement with what was reported by credible reporters.
- Mawd’u: A fabricated Hadith.
[edit] Science of Hadith
[edit] Hadith Collections
See Books of Hadith
[edit] References
- ↑ Related by Imam Muslim in the Introduction to his Sahih - see Sahih Muslim (ed. M.F. `Abdul Baqi, 5 vols., Cairo, 1374/1955), 1:15 & Sahih Muslim bi Sharh an-Nawawi (18 vols. in 6, Cairo, 1349), 1:87. The existing English translation of Sahih Muslim, by `Abdul Hamid Siddiqi, does not contain this extremely valuable Introduction.
- ↑ See Forty Hadith Qudsi
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